Drive a Car, Not a Cell Phone Essay -- Driving Mobile Phone Use

â€Å"When a driver ‘talks and drives’ they are not only putting themselves at risk, they are also putting everyone around them in a dangerous situation† (ComparisonMarket.com). A study conducted last year by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, had cameras placed inside one hundred cars and trucks to track drivers' activities before a dangerous event occurred. Research shows users of cell phones while driving caused far more crashes and near misses than non-users. These statistics do not change even if the hand held device becomes hands free by means of a blue tooth or speaker phone. Hands-free cell phones may allow the driver to keep both hands on the wheel however, devices such as headsets or voice activated dialing led to longer dialing times causing the same level of driver distraction. Even though a study released by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety claims bans on handheld cell phones in many states seem to have had no impact on accident ra tes, drivers still should not use a hand held phone while driving in the car because car accidents associated with hand held phone use account for nearly three hundred deaths per year showing cell phone users are four times as likely to get into an automobile accident serious enough to cause injury. University of Utah psychologists have published a study which highlights drivers talking on handheld or hands-free cellular phones as being impaired on the same level as drunken drivers. In this study each of the tests subjects drove in a driving simulator four times; once each while completely undistracted, using a handheld device, using a hands-free device, and intoxicated with vodka and orange juice up to the legal limit of .08. The simulation had the participants following a ... ...icleid=43812. Jaffe, Eric. "Driving While Texting: As Bad as Drunk Driving, Says Study." The Infrastucturist. The Infrastructurist, 05 Oct 2010. Web. 22 Nov 2010. http://www.infrastructurist.com/2010/10/05/driving-while-texting-as-bad-as-drunk-driving-says-study/ Langer, Gary. "Hands Off! Public Backs Ban on Hand-Held Cell Phones in Cars." abcnews. ABCNEWS Internet Ventures, 22 May 2010. Web. 20 Nov 2010. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/us/dailynews/poll_cellphone010522.html LeBeau, Phil. "Want to Stop Texting and Driving? Why Not Jam Cell Phones?" cnbc. CNBC, Inc, 30 Sep 2009. Web. 22 Nov 2010. http://www.cnbc.com/id/33090526/Want_to_Stop_Texting_and_Driving_Why_Not_Jam_Cell_Phones. Sedgwick, David. "Study Shows Banning Cell Phones In Cars Doesn't Work." AOL Autos. AOL Inc, 29 Jan 2010. Web. 20 Nov 2010. http://autos.aol.com/article/cell-phone-ban-study/.

Alfred Binet

Among the most prominent persons in mental testing is Alfred Binet, who was born July 11, 1857, at Nice, France, and died in Paris on October 18, 1911. Binet completed a licence in law in 1878 and then pursued, but did not complete, a medical degree. Binet’s early interest in psychology was influenced by Charcot’s work in hypnosis. Binet then pursued other experimental topics, eventually arriving at his interest in mental testing. For much of his career, Binet served as director of the Laboratory of Physiological Psychology at the Sorbonne.Following a period of experimental research with Victor Henri, he accepted a collaborative research arrangement with Theodore Simon. Simon’s proximity to mentally retarded subjects and Binet’s membership with the Society for the Psychological Study of the Child formed the basis for significant research. Binet’s active involvement with the society led to his appointment to a study commission of the Ministry of Publ ic Instruction â€Å"from the vantage point of which he saw the compelling need to find a way to differentiate those children who could learn normally from those who could not† (Wolf, 1973, pp.21–22). After failing to obtain academic positions at three French universities, Binet produced with Theodore Simon, in 1905, the first intelligence scale â€Å"oriented to ‘tasks or behavior’ rather than to so-called faculties† (Wolf, 1973, p. 29). The scale was part of a more comprehensive process for differentiating normal and retarded children, and it was revised in 1908 and 1911. His test was introduced in America by Henry Goddard, who developed his own revision. The most popular American revision was that of Louis Terman in 1916. Binet’s scales ingrained the concept of mental age in testing for decades.The first experiments to catch his fancy involved the two-point threshold: the simultaneous stimulation of the skin by two compass points, and the determination of the conditions under which they were perceived as one or recognized as two. This procedure had already been the subject of much experimental investigation, and early psychologists had learned that the separation of points required to produce a sensation of â€Å"twoness† varies greatly with the part of the body stimulated—for example, it is some thirty times greater for the small of the back than for the tip of the index finger.Several theories had been proposed to account for these variations, focusing on the presumably varying distribution of nerves in different parts of the body. (Thorndike, R. M. , and D. F. Lohman, 1990). Binet conducted a few simple two-point threshold experiments on himself and some friends, and concluded that the theories he had read about were wrong in some of their details. He quickly wrote an article describing his experiments and offering a â€Å"corrected† theory. Always a graceful and persuasive writer, he succeede d in getting this published.Any pleasure at seeing his words in print was soon curtailed, however, because his article caught the critical attention of one Joseph Delboeuf (1831-1896), a Belgian physiologist who had done some important work on the two-point threshold which had been overlooked by Binet. Delboeuf published a critique stating that his own much moresystematic experiments did not agree with several of Binet's findings, and showing that he had already published a much more sophisticated version of Binet's theory long before.Binet had obviously rushed prematurely into print, and Delboeuf publicly humiliated him for it. (Thorndike, R. M. , and D. F. Lohman, 1990). Even Delboeuf's attack could not diminish Binet's ardor for psychology, however, and his next passion became the associationist psychology of John Stuart Mill, whom he would later call â€Å"my only master in psychology. † Binet was persuaded by Mill's arguments about the potentially unlimited explanatory p ower of associationism, and said as much in his second venture into psychological publication. (Joy A.Palmer, Liora Bresler, David E. Cooper, 2003) Yet Binet was once again treading upon dangerous ground. Associationism as a psychological doctrine clearly had its merits, but by 1883 much evidence had already accumulated to show that it could not stand as a complete explanation of mental phenomena, even after any possible innate factors were placed aside. In particular, associationism was ill equipped to account for varying motivational influences on thought, or for many of the unconscious phenomena that were coming to increasing attention at that time.Thus the laws of association were hard pressed to explain, by themselves, why a particular starting thought can lead to totally different trains of associations, depending on the motivational state of the individual. Phenomena such as post-hypnotic amnesia posed another difficulty for exclusively associationistic theory. When a recentl y hypnotized subject was asked what happened while he was hypnotized and failed to remember, he provided an example of disassociation of ideas.The stimulus of the question failed to bring in its train the associated ideas and memories, including the answer, which one would normally expect. Mill's laws of association had nothing to say about how ideas could become disconnected, or â€Å"dissociated,† from each other. (Joy A. Palmer, Liora Bresler, David E. Cooper, 2003) This time Binet recognized the deficiencies in his psychology without help from a Delboeuf, and took steps to remedy them. But even though he was soon to augment his associationism, he never lost respect for its great though incomplete explanatory power.Years later, when he attacked the problem of assessing intelligence, he would not be restricted, as Galton and Cattell had been, to the consideration of presumably innate factors such as sensory acuity or neurological efficiency. Instead, Binet would argue that â€Å"intelligence† whatever else it was could never be isolated from the actual experiences, circumstances, and personal associations of the individual in question. (Joy A. Palmer, Liora Bresler, David E. Cooper, 2003) Among Binet’s achievements was the founding (with Dr. Henri Beaunis) of the first French psychology journal, L’Annee psychologique, in 1895.He was a significant figure in early French psychology, and the studies of his two daughters likely influenced the subsequent research of Jean Piaget. Though Binet was neither trained nor served as a school psychologist, he has had an enormous impact on the practice of school psychology. References: Joy A. Palmer, Liora Bresler, David E. Cooper. Fifty Major Thinkers on Education: From Confucius to Dewey; Routledge, 2003 Thorndike, R. M. , and D. F. Lohman. A century of ability testing. Chicago: Riverside, 1990 Wolf, T. H. Alfred Binet. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Iv Classification System

DSM-IV Model Teresa Allen Western International University Abnormal Psychology BEH-440-3281Your Course Number Mollie Surgine December 18, 2017 DSM-IV Model In regarding the mental and physical aspects of classification systems, the DSM is the classification system designed by the American Psychiatric Association to diagnose patients through a number of criteria’s, reviews, and research in order to treat mental and physical illness. To diagnose and produce treatment for both clients and patients, this model is focused on current and widely used research. One of the benefits in suing the DSM is that the model fosters health care professionals in maintaining some form of consistency in the development for a treatment plan. Other†¦show more content†¦One of the assessment tools used in diagnosing patients and clients are what clinical professionals call clinical screening one of many techniques to assess a person’s mental health. Screening test is judged by its reliability and the measure of providing consistence results, screening of all ages, including the young and the elderly. Although there are several tools involved in clinical assessments to foster practitioners to evaluate mental and emotional illness and there are some that do not yield positive results. For example the clinical outcomes using the variable scale known as the (COV’S) was designed as a tool to be used by physical therapist in the assessments of functional mobility status or to identify and treat clients. This type of assessment provides detail in areas of mobility and monitoring motor tasks, In addition, there are some setbacks as well due to the lengthy list of equipment used for medical purposes and the substantial amount of time required. There is also a certain criteria needed for extensive validity of this assessment tool. With clinical interviews having both unstructured and structured portions, many practitioners choose one over the other. Unstructured interviews can lack reliability while some interviews do produce some valuable data about people but is still inconsistent in diagnosis. In reality there are limits to what interviews can accomplish. Structured interviews are used widely by cognitive and behavioral cliniciansShow MoreRelatedStrengths and Weaknesses of the Dsm1054 Words   |  5 PagesDSM-IV: Strengths and Weaknesses The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is currently the most frequently used way of standardizing and defining psychological disorders. However, the classification systems such as DSM have advantages and disadvantages. The major weakness of DSM is that it judges symptoms superficially and ignores other possible important factors. The major strength of DSM is that it enables categorization of psychological disorders. 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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Iv Classification System

DSM-IV Model Teresa Allen Western International University Abnormal Psychology BEH-440-3281Your Course Number Mollie Surgine December 18, 2017 DSM-IV Model In regarding the mental and physical aspects of classification systems, the DSM is the classification system designed by the American Psychiatric Association to diagnose patients through a number of criteria’s, reviews, and research in order to treat mental and physical illness. To diagnose and produce treatment for both clients and patients, this model is focused on current and widely used research. One of the benefits in suing the DSM is that the model fosters health care professionals in maintaining some form of consistency in the development for a treatment plan. Other†¦show more content†¦One of the assessment tools used in diagnosing patients and clients are what clinical professionals call clinical screening one of many techniques to assess a person’s mental health. Screening test is judged by its reliability and the measure of providing consistence results, screening of all ages, including the young and the elderly. Although there are several tools involved in clinical assessments to foster practitioners to evaluate mental and emotional illness and there are some that do not yield positive results. For example the clinical outcomes using the variable scale known as the (COV’S) was designed as a tool to be used by physical therapist in the assessments of functional mobility status or to identify and treat clients. This type of assessment provides detail in areas of mobility and monitoring motor tasks, In addition, there are some setbacks as well due to the lengthy list of equipment used for medical purposes and the substantial amount of time required. There is also a certain criteria needed for extensive validity of this assessment tool. With clinical interviews having both unstructured and structured portions, many practitioners choose one over the other. Unstructured interviews can lack reliability while some interviews do produce some valuable data about people but is still inconsistent in diagnosis. In reality there are limits to what interviews can accomplish. Structured interviews are used widely by cognitive and behavioral cliniciansShow MoreRelatedStrengths and Weaknesses of the Dsm1054 Words   |  5 PagesDSM-IV: Strengths and Weaknesses The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is currently the most frequently used way of standardizing and defining psychological disorders. However, the classification systems such as DSM have advantages and disadvantages. The major weakness of DSM is that it judges symptoms superficially and ignores other possible important factors. The major strength of DSM is that it enables categorization of psychological disorders. The first editionRead MoreExploration Of Oil And Gas Resources Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagescommunities. These stringent environmental concerns have led to research and development of many water based drilling muds but these muds still don’t offer the desired drilling performances like OBMs. We shall now look at the advantages and disadvantages of both OBMs and WBMs Advantages of WBM: WBMs pose a comparably minimal risk to the environment, there’s a lower logistical challenge as compared to OBMs in terms of transporting of the liquid phase, For WBMs disposal doesn’t require high transportationRead MoreCase Study Abnormal Psychology951 Words   |  4 Pagesand social relationships, which is maladaptive (Psychology facts, 2007). Jim behavior is statistically abnormal because he is notably poles apart from the society norm, his behavior has low score in the society distributed acceptable qualities DSM-IV refers to the â€Å"Diagnostic and statistical Manual of mental disorders.† It defines mental disorder as a clinical considerable psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in individuals and link with the current distress like painful symptom or disabilityRead MoreNetworking Analysis : An Analysis Of Pre-Clustering902 Words   |  4 Pagesretrieval, bioinformatics and data compression[2].Clustering is not a specific algorithm but can be achieved by various techniques that differ significantly in their techniques of cluster formation[2].When dealing with a large dataset, clustering and classification techniques help in better data processing as now instead of dealing with all the data in the dataset, only clusters are dealt with and that reduces the complexity in handling such huge volume of data. Clustering is broadly specified into two mainRead MoreRadio Waves And Transmission Of Mobile Station2086 Words   |  9 Pagescells (ii) Problems faced when there were no cells (iii) Advantages of having cells (iv) Disadvantages of having cells Answer:- (i) History of Cell The old system used a single radio transmitter to transmit the signals to the mobile stations so it can use limited frequencies to transmit the signal, which in turn reduce the number of mobile stations which can be catered by a single base station. To improve the system it was needed to cater more mobile stations, for this the areaRead MoreStandards Terminology Paper : Nursing Intervention Classification And The Nursing Outcome Classification1493 Words   |  6 PagesTerminology Paper Elizaveta Pavlenko Frostburg State University Preface In standards terminology paper one patient’s assessment will be presented along with Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing intervention Classification and the Nursing Outcome Classification. In conclusion part of the paper, the summary of these systems will be provided. Clinical Encounter Mary Smith, Female, 56 years old, presented to Emergency Department with abnormal Chest Xray, fever, chills and generalized weakness on Friday, 10/31/2014Read MoreThe Personality Of A Human Being By His Handwriting Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesEXISTING SYSTEM In existing system identifying the personality of a human being by his handwriting is an old technique. Before, the nature of an individual was predicted manually, which took a long time. Recognizing a writer`s personality from his handwriting has recently become a considerable and interesting subject in psychology. DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM 1. Manually personality prediction. 2. It took long time for personality prediction. 3. Existing system does not recognize the emotionsRead MoreResearch Method Table For Tma011140 Words   |  5 Pageswere looking for the correlation between pain factors and bipolar disorder. Advantages of the type of study you have identified in the box above. Include 2 advantages in your answer (4 marks) See Boxes 4.5 and 4.11 Correlation study seeks the association between variables and can collect information from many subjects and sources. Disadvantages of the type of study you have identified in the box above. Include 2 disadvantages in your answer (4 marks) See Boxes 4.5 and 4.11 Unfortunately, where are twoRead MoreBenefits Of Data Coding Standards856 Words   |  4 Pagesamong various systems. In the healthcare industry, data coding standards are applied in numerous ways. The LOINC standard may be applied while collecting data for a medical test and analyzing it. The suggested medications may follow standards by SNOMED before being stored into a patient’s electronic health record. Finally, a patient’s prognosis may follow disease classifications from ICD-10. (2) The benefits of having such standards are apparent as data exchange among disparate systems following suchRead MoreShiseido Case Study Report Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesTherefore it seems logical to use that approach. However, there are also disadvantages: Other important factors may vary within the age groups. Just because two people having the same age doesn’t have to result in the same behavior. Educational or geographical differences (e.g. city / countryside) can mess up the age-defined target groups. Also the needs may differ within the age-groups. For example contains the age-group IV all customers aged 35 to 54. But a 35 year old woman or men most likely has