Corridor Analysis :: Fragmentation Corridors Argumentative Papers

Corridor Analysis The United States is centered on the economic development, more specifically on the creation of wealth. It is understandable that creating wealth is of great importance, but continued economic development has lead to degradation of our environment. Therefore, presently we need sustained economic development in conjunction with responsible environmental and resource protection. As development increases, natural linkages within the landscape continue to be fragmented and remnant natural habitats become isolated. As a result, we need strategies to fight the consequences of fragmentation. One such strategy is to create a network of corridors. Corridors are narrow, linear strips of habitat that have wildlife value. In â€Å"New Initiatives for Wildlife Conservation† Larry Harris and Peter Gallagher (1989) state, â€Å"Our refusal to incorporate movement across human dominated landscapes into our conservation strategies has made luck the chief prerequisite for survival in highly populated areas.† Corridors provide ecological and environmental quality values. For one thing, they help to maintain biological diversity. Fragmenting landscapes into distinct patches and restricting wildlife increase the risks of movement, and can also have severe consequences for the conservation of biological diversity. Conservation of biological diversity is extremely important because it can reduce the thread of a species becoming endangered or extinct. Corridors help to sustain the biological diversity by preserving migration corridors and connecting fragmented centers of plants and organisms. Harris and Gallagher conclude that â€Å"Habitat connectivity declines with human modification of the landscape and the use of corridors is an attempt to maintain or to restore some of the natural landscape connectivity.† As a result, a network of corridors can improve fragmentation of the landscape and habitats. Corridors can serve as habitats in their own right and they can also serve as linkages for animals that migrate from patch to patch. There are many different types of landscapes that can function as corridors. A stream corridor is perhaps the best area to create a system of interconnected corridors. The interface of land and water represent some of the richest wildlife habitats. Corridor Analysis :: Fragmentation Corridors Argumentative Papers Corridor Analysis The United States is centered on the economic development, more specifically on the creation of wealth. It is understandable that creating wealth is of great importance, but continued economic development has lead to degradation of our environment. Therefore, presently we need sustained economic development in conjunction with responsible environmental and resource protection. As development increases, natural linkages within the landscape continue to be fragmented and remnant natural habitats become isolated. As a result, we need strategies to fight the consequences of fragmentation. One such strategy is to create a network of corridors. Corridors are narrow, linear strips of habitat that have wildlife value. In â€Å"New Initiatives for Wildlife Conservation† Larry Harris and Peter Gallagher (1989) state, â€Å"Our refusal to incorporate movement across human dominated landscapes into our conservation strategies has made luck the chief prerequisite for survival in highly populated areas.† Corridors provide ecological and environmental quality values. For one thing, they help to maintain biological diversity. Fragmenting landscapes into distinct patches and restricting wildlife increase the risks of movement, and can also have severe consequences for the conservation of biological diversity. Conservation of biological diversity is extremely important because it can reduce the thread of a species becoming endangered or extinct. Corridors help to sustain the biological diversity by preserving migration corridors and connecting fragmented centers of plants and organisms. Harris and Gallagher conclude that â€Å"Habitat connectivity declines with human modification of the landscape and the use of corridors is an attempt to maintain or to restore some of the natural landscape connectivity.† As a result, a network of corridors can improve fragmentation of the landscape and habitats. Corridors can serve as habitats in their own right and they can also serve as linkages for animals that migrate from patch to patch. There are many different types of landscapes that can function as corridors. A stream corridor is perhaps the best area to create a system of interconnected corridors. The interface of land and water represent some of the richest wildlife habitats.

Quest For Family Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Quest for Family   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1950’s were a decade of growth and expansion. Growth of the middle class, expansion of religion and a growing economy kept Americans on the move- literally. Families were moving from the cities and into the suburbs. â€Å"This massive shift in population from the central city was accompanied by a baby boom that started during World War II. Young married couples began to have three, four, or even five children (compared with only one or two children in American families during the 1930’s) (The American Story, pg. 729). This style of living began making the immediate family isolated from the extended family, making the extended family a thing of the past. â€Å"For many families, grandparents, aunts and uncles, cousins, and more distant relatives would become more distant figures seen on only special occasions† (The American Story, pg. 732). These new living standards were the result of a booming economy. The economic explosion was a result of the culmination of the war- Americans were no longer faced with the hardships of the depression and could indulge in material goods. This meant television, automobiles, or any other item from the long list of novelties that Americans craved found their way into the suburbs too. Religion also found its way into these communities. â€Å"Ministers priests and rabbis all commented ...

Introduction to Philosophy Essay

I. Pre-Socratic Period – also known as the Cosmological Period (cosmos meaning universe) *questions about human existence and subsistence (basic needs) Pre-Socratic Greek philosophers: – Anaxagoras – Thales (he held that water is the fundamental stuff of all things, saying â€Å"All is water†) – Anaximander – Xenophanes – Heraclitus – Anaximenes Empiricism – a theory which states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience II. Socratic Period – also known as the Era of Scientific Discoveries III. Church Period – also known as the Theological/Dogmatic Period. Dogmatic – from the word dogma (teachings of the Catholic church) Martin Luther – the most controversial bishop during his time; he questioned the teachings of the Catholic church IV. Rebellion Period – also known as the Period of Protestantism *Martin Luther started Protestantism and established the Lutheran church; he questioned the indispensability of the pontis and the institution of the sacraments (holy order and marriage) division of the Catholic church: – Roman Catholic – Greek Orthodox 4 legal systems: – English law – Roman law – Arabic/Mohammedan law – Anglo-American law. V. Renaissance Period – renaissance meaning rebirth – also known as the Arts and Literature Period (which focused on religion) VI. Modern Period – also known as the Period of Industrialization ? introduction to machines ? social problem of unemployment arose ? battle between man and machines 2 social classes: ? bourgeoisie – the ruling class of the two basic classes of capitalist society, consisting of capitalists, manufacturers, bankers, and other employers. The bourgeoisie owns the most important of the means of production, through which it exploits the working class ?proletariat – the class of workers, especially industrial wage earners, who do not possess capital or property and must sell their labor to survive, the lowest or poorest class of people Friedrich Engels – mentor of Karl Marx *. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels campaigned for a classless society known as communism communism – the political and economic doctrine that aims to replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of at least the major means of production (e. g. , mines, mills, and factories) and the natural resources of a society; people don’t have private ownership. Das Kapital – one of the major works of the 19th-century economist and philosopher Karl Marx (1818–83), in which he expounded his theory of the capitalist system, its dynamism, and its tendencies toward self-destruction. He described his purpose as to lay bare â€Å"the economic law of motion of modern society. † Lenin and Stalin – leaders of the Russian Revolution who first introduced communism COMMUNISM (zero ownership) SOCIALISM (ownership by few) DEMOCRACY (controlled by the majority of people) Definition of Philosophy – from the words â€Å"de finire† meaning â€Å"to limit† 3 types of definition: 1. Etymological – derived from the word â€Å"etymos† meaning â€Å"origin† Etymology of Philosophy by Pythagoras philia (love) sophia (wisdom) greek words 2. Nominal – derived from the word â€Å"nomen† meaning â€Å"name† 3. Real definition – maybe conceptual or operational definition Real definition of Philosophy a science of beings that investigates the ultimate causes of things, events, etc. , with the aid of human reason alone *philosophers investigate by asking questions human reason – the instrument in philosophy branches of science: ? natural ? social ? Physical – botany philosophy e. g. physics e. g. e.g. beings – subject matter of philosophy; anything that exists 2 types of beings: a) potential – exists without intrinsic contradiction b) actual – exists with intrinsic contradiction uncreated God (theology – focused on the study of God) created living – man – plants – animals –soul–> –soul–> –soul–> rational vegetative sensitive non-living – universe (cosmology – study of the universe) – outside the universe (metaphysics – from the word â€Å"meta† meaning â€Å"beyond†) principles of life soul life spirit – principle of unity what makes man unique? – his characteristics characteristics of man: ? body and soul (rational psychology – study of soul existence) ? body without soul – corpse ? soul without body – ghost ? intellect – to know the â€Å"truth† (logic – correct reasoning; epistemology – validity of human knowledge) ? will – in search of â€Å"good† (ethics or moral philosophy) branches of philosophy connected to man rational psychology deals with spirituality and religion logic – deals with mental and psychological circumstances epistemology deals with physiological/bi ological aspect ethics – deals with the physical aspect of man Phenomenological method – method of knowing man. Edmund Husserl – a mathematician, modern philosopher, and the main proponent of phenomenology steps in phenomenological method: i. epoche – method of bracketing man’s natural attitudes (e. g. , biases or prejudices) ii. eidetic reduction – from the word â€Å"eidos† meaning â€Å"essence†; method of reducing the events to its essence to know the real importance of the phenomenon iii. phenomenological transcendental reduction – method of reducing the essence to its subject ? to the very activity itself love – disinterested giving of oneself to other being kinds of love: – fraternal. – paternal/maternal – erotic – romantic Understanding the Nature of Philosophical Inquiry *on the distinction between philosophy and natural science – natural science ? scientific investigation â€Å"What is Philosophy† by Lauer, S. J. (philosophy in physical science) *can philosophy be taught? – philosophy can be defined by doing it *why do we harm philosophy when we define it? – philosophy is essentially a dynamic process, the attempt to define it is to stop the process *philosophy is an attitude, a way of life, responsible thinking and not a discipline; not a body of knowledge.

Psychological studies Essay

Culture bias is a term which covers several types of bias in psychology. It can be used to refer to judgements and prejudices about certain cultures, or methodological biases which lead to such biased conclusions. For example, although a method of research may be developed and found to be reliable in one culture, the same may not be true in another. Culture bias in methodology prevents us from being able to identify innate behaviour in cross-cultural research. One type of culture bias is ethnocentrism, which is the tendency to use one’s own culture as a basis for judgements about others. Eurocentrism, ethnocentrism from the perspective of Western cultures, is particularly widespread in modern Psychology, as it is commonplace for findings based solely on, for example, American participants to be generalised to people across the globe. The relevance of psychological research carried out in Western countries to the wider world is questionnable. A large amount of this issue is a result of methodology. Because mundane realism and ecological validities have so much effect on the generalisation of findings, in order for findings to be relevant across cultures, the methodology must hold these characteristics no matter which culture it is carried out in. Failure to do so may lead to false conclusions, which by definition hinder the main goal of Psychology; that is, the ability to understand human behaviour. A prominent piece of research that often receives attention for its culture bias is that of Ainsworth & Bell (1970). The ‘strange situation’ research method used in their study of infant attachments, and their subsequent conclusions, have received criticism for eurocentrism. The strange situation is used to observe levels of distress and other behaviours in an infant upon, for example, separation from a parent. This may itself be culture biased because of its individualist nature. If an infant is used to interaction with others, like in Israeli kibbutzim, then separation from a parent will be much less stressful in the ‘strange situation’; but this may not imply that the infant is less attached to its parent. The classifications drawn by Ainsworth & Bell are also culturally biased, because they explicitly state which type of attachment is desirable (secure) and which types are undesirable (insecure). This, combined with the eurocentrism of the methodology itself, has led to parenting styles and infant attachments in some cultures to be mislabelled as inferior to those of the United States, and yet no significant negative effects related to attachments have been observed in such cultures. Another study frequently criticised for eurocentrism is Milgram’s (1963) study into obedience, in which participants were deceived into believing that they were required to administer high-voltage electric shocks to a confederate. In a Smith & Bond’s (1998) comparison of replications of the same study in different cultures, it was shown that there were differences between cultures in how many people obeyed the researcher in the experiment. For example, 65% of Americans, compared with 85% of Germans, 40% of Australian males, 16% of Australian females and 62% of Jordanians conformed. This indicates cultural differences, meaning that the Milgram’s conclusions may hold cultural bias; but at the same time such cultural differences may not actually exist. It may be that the research method is not suitable for all of the cultures, or that the research method was carried out in different ways in different cultures. The method used was criticised for being unrepresentative of real life in Western cultures, and so it is likely that it is also unrepresentative of real life in other cultures (such as that of Jordan), or even that the differences between the research environment and real life as even more significant in other cultures. We cannot be sure about the members of these cultures until such differences are ruled out. Many theories have also been criticised for their culturally biased nature. Economic exchange theories of relationship development and maintenance particularly fall under this category, as, according to Moghaddam (1998), they only apply to Western relationships, and even then only to people in short-term relationships and with high mobility. It may be that relationship theories such as this apply only to individualist cultures and are not suitable for describing relationships in collectivist cultures. However, placing a culture on the ‘individualism-collectivism continuum’ is not as easy as first thought. In relationship theories, the US if often cited as an individualist culture and Japan as a collectivist culture; but when Takano & Osaka (1999) reviewed 15 studies to compare the two nations, only 14 studies supported the distinction. This indicates that even relationship theories which allow for differences between individualist and collectivist cultures are biased because they underestimate the role of situational factors and overestimate that of personal characteristics when analysing of behaviour. Another theory frequently noted for its culture bias is Kohlberg’s (1976) theory of moral understanding. This stage theory describes morality from a very Western, democratic perspective. However, these morals may not be held in other parts of the world, meaning that the theory may lack relevance in the wider world. When Snarey (1985) studied traditional village societies, only the first four stages from Kohlberg’s theory were found to be present, with the stage post-conventional reasoning being completely absent. On fact, it was fount that many moral judgements from some cultures did not fit into any of Kohlberg’s stages, suggesting that his theory does not account for other forms of reasoning.

Almodovars All About My Mother Analysis Film Studies Essay

Almodovars All About My Mother Analysis Film Studies Essay Pedro Almodovar is an auteur in Spanish national and art cinema. His films always explore the issues such as sexuality, transgender and women’s life where friends and lovers replace the parents and family. In a post-feminism point of view, he disestablished the feminism but highlights the positions of both female characters and actress. His works are more targeted to women and give female audience a resonance on motion. All About My Mother is a film Almodovar made in 1999. It stills an impressive work to discover the deep feeling of women when suffering from the dead of son and lover. The storyline describe a single mother Manuela witness his son die in a car accident when he run to ask for an autograph. And then she wants to find the father in Barcelona. In Barcelona, she meets her transgender friends, the lesbian couple and a young nun Rosa. The whole film interspersed with these several women’s interesting and dumbfounding stories. Some of them encounter the issues of transsexual or AIDS which make their characteristics more rounded. This title not only refers to Manuela but also point to women who were and would be mother, as well the actress. The opening scene is a smoothly and masterful camera movement in hospital. It follows the plastic infusion tube, with the blurred background and a sad music to heighten the atmosphere. The cast list in a bloody color fade in and out like the blood flowing. Without saying any word, just use a montage skill to show there is a patient or accident. Almodovar are the master of using misn-en-scene. The next scenes are still using camera movement show the medical machine. After the still of ECG, Manuela suffers the pain from death and faces other’s organ donation which she need to solve later (her son’s organ donation). Almodovar emphasises not only the mise-en-scene, but also the collocation of color. I think it is the aesthetics of Almdovar. The scene that Manuela cooking in the kitchen, the bl ue cupboard and the red cloth and tomato join together make a strong Almodovar style. Gathering blue and red maybe is a habitual technique of Almodovar. The son’s clothe is also blue and sit together with his mother’s red. In the bedroom of Esteban, this style gets more highlights. The red wall assembled with the blue bed and chair. I can see red everywhere for instance later Huma’s hair and cloth as well. The film is filled with references. At the beginning, Manuela and her son sit on sofa and watch the old Hollywood film All About Eve (Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1950, USA). That movie talking about the actress named Eve, the same way was used to reflect the story in All About My Mother, it talk about mothers and women who have relationship with acting. In All About Eve, they also mention the fans and acting issues. When watching the film, the son Esteban finds that the Spanish television station always changes the title of the movies and use dub instead of original sound track which are references from the society. In this scene, Esteban writing on his notebook has a brilliant camera angle. The camera use both the POV of Esteban and the notebook, we can see Esteban writing ‘Todo sobre mi madre’ (original title in Spanish) from his hand moving. Then the title of this film appeared very smoothly. After watching the film, Manuela shares the only half photo she took when she was a actress. The camera follows the cracks and down while shows Esteban looking at the picture and later he will mention that the other half would be his ‘father’.

Critique a professional journal article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique a professional journal article - Essay Example It is even essential for educational institutes who are dealing with students suffering from the disorder of autism. It is even useful for parents who want to ensure that their children are free from this widely spread disorder (Konkel, 2014). The article cites a study which proves a correlation between autism experienced by children who live near the fields that are being treated by pesticides. There have been no previous studies that focus on these two variables together (Konkel, 2014). This article can be a starting point for researchers to identify whether there is a causal relationship between children experiencing autism and living near field that are being treated with pesticides. The article can even be quite useful for parents who live near such fields. If mothers who live near such fields read this article, they may chose to relocate in order to ensure that their children do not end up suffering from this disorder. The article can be an eye opener for the government to take notice and implement necessary actions to decrease the number of children suffering from this disorder. Every day various teachers come across students who are suffering from the disorder of autism. These children need special consideration from their teachers. Teachers need to actively take part in ensuring that these children are safe from risk factors that can further make the conditions worse for such children. As a special education teacher a teacher needs to ensure that the children who have already developed the disorder remain away from the environment that poses a threat to children suffering from this disorder. Teachers can even educate parents of such children regarding steps they can take to ensure the wellbeing of their child. Teachers can inform the parents about the threat and can advise relocation. They can even inform pregnant women to relocate for the health of their unborn child. Since this is a very first study conducted on the variables, it is quite

Head Start Early Education Program Annotated Bibliography

Head Start Early Education Program - Annotated Bibliography Example Educational development is both a short-and long-term goal. As noted by Sciarra et al. (2015), the program serves the at-risk preschool-age children. To ensure its continuity, funds are provided by the federal government through the U.S Department of Health and Human Services. The transition from preschool to elementary school results in varied changes in the development of the child such as the need for children to engage successfully with their peers outside the home and adjust the space and requirements of the classroom. To that effect, the McWayne et al (2012) discuss how the Head Start Early Education Program is designed to develop strong family relationships, improve the children’s educational performance, and design an environment to develop strong cognitive skills. Deming (2009) asserts that the Head Start Educational program is among the longest-running programs in America that attempt to address systematic poverty and improve educational performance. It is equally important to note that the ABCD Head Start program is at the forefront of cutting-edge work in early education. The program helps the children develop their brain (Action for Boston Community Development, 2015). Lee (2011) illustrates the effect of the duration of Head Start enrollment on the academic outcomes of children. The study reported that the program improved performance. Furthermore, the article by Besharov and Call (2009) critique the program outlining its weaknesses. The article provided crucial information on elements of the policy that require reform. Lee, K. (2011). "Impacts of the duration of Head Start enrollment on childrens academic outcomes: Moderation effects of family risk factors and earlier outcomes." Journal of Community Psychology 39 (6),